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Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship Tagged Articles



19.0 References: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
References
18.0 Conclusion: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
Ultimately, the future of entrepreneurship in Africa must be in the hands of the Africans themselves.
17.0 What Needs to be Done - Mainstreaming Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
The fourth and final factor that is needed involves the mainstreaming of African entrepreneurship. There has been a tendency to treat entrepreneurs either as marginal members of society and the economy, or to romanticize them as heroes or saviors even when they make little or negative contributions to society and the economy. Both treatments are erroneous.
16.0 What Needs to be Done - Scaling Up: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
Individuals, organizations, communities and governments involved in the development of African entrepreneurship need to scale up. By scaling up is meant increasing the level and sophistication with which we study, develop and implement policies, finance, management extension and support programs for African entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial firms and entrepreneurship. Scaling up takes different meanings for researchers, public policy makers, support program managers, and the entrepreneurs themselves.

15.0 What Needs to be Done - Producing Better Research: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
Most researchers and policy makers have tended to use the information summarized in Table I in an isolated way. Researchers have concentrated either on the entrepreneur (e.g., Frese, 2000), the entrepreneurial firm (Jorgensen, et al., 1986), or the external environment (Buame, 1996). Rarely have they taken a holistic approach to study the combined and interactive effects of the three factors on entrepreneurial success or failure across time and space.
14.0 What Needs to be Done - Producing Useable Knowledge: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
The way forwarded should be guided by four key strategies. These include generating useable knowledge, producing better research, scaling up, and mainstreaming entrepreneurship. Each is explored below.

12.0 The Entrepreneurial Firm Corporate Governance: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
Very few studies of entrepreneurship concern themselves with corporate governance. This is particularly true in Africa where by far the majority of entrepreneurial firms are very small and operate in the informal sector.
11.0 The Entrepreneurial Firm Capital Resources: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
The degree to which capital by itself is a major obstacle to the growth of African entrepreneurship remains debatable.
10.0 The Entrepreneurial Firm Networks Clusters and the Octopus: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
While networks and clusters contribute to business success and continuity, the African entrepreneur experiences difficulties establishing and maintaining effective business networks and clusters (Barr, 1999; Kiggundu, 2001; Ramachandran & Shah, 1999).

9.0 The Entrepreneurial Firm Organization Form: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
Organization form refers to the design, structuring and management of the entrepreneurial firm, including descriptive (e.g., age, size, location, sector), and structural (e.g., ownership) variables.

8.0 The Entrepreneurial Firm: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
In addition to competencies of the entrepreneur, entrepreneurship requires effective and dynamic organizational arrangements in order to remain successful.
2.0 The African Entrepreneur Demographic Characteristics: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
Various personal demographic variables appear to differentiate successful from less successful entrepreneurs in Africa, as they do elsewhere (Kallon, 1990; Mead, 1999; Mead & Liedholm, 1998; Stewart, 1996). Earlier studies found that successful African entrepreneurs tended to be male, middle-aged, married with a number of children, and more educated that the general population.

5.0 The African Entrepreneur Social Status/Relations: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
Studies show that entrepreneurs enjoy higher social status and wider social relationships in their respective communities than non-entrepreneurs do.
4.0 The African Entrepreneur Race/Ethnicity: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
Wherever society is highly differentiated along racial/ethnic lines, race and ethnicity have been used to predict entrepreneurial success or failure.

3.0 The African Entrepreneur Personal Traits: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
More than twenty personal traits of entrepreneurs have been linked to entrepreneurial success in Africa (LeVine, 1966; Benedict, 1979; Frese, 2000), and elsewhere (Stewart, 1996). Debate continues as to whether psychological variables, socio-demographic factors or external factors are the best determinants of entrepreneurial behavior and performance (Frese, 2000; Buame, 1996).

6.0 The African Entrepreneur Behavioral Patterns: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
Successful entrepreneurs display a pattern of behavior different than the less successful ones. This is not surprising given that entrepreneurs differ in important demographic and psychological traits.

1.0 What is known and what needs to be done: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
This article summarizes what is known about entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa using three broad categories: The Entrepreneur, The Entrepreneurial Firm, and The External Environment.

Other Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship Related Articles

2.1 The rise and fall and rise of private sector: Support for Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania, 2005
At this point in Tanzania’s history, the culture of entrepreneurship is in need of revitalization. During the years of colonial rule in the country, the development of indigenous entrepreneurship was hampered. Tanzanians of African origin were mainly employed as laborers in cash crop farming, with limited access to business.
Getting Ready for the Transition from an Employee to a Business Owner
Most people nearing retirement age begin to think about what they can do next. Even though you may want to start a small home based business, but you could be stuck wondering if you are too old for entrepreneurship after retirement. You may even think that over 60 is an age that is too old for getting into entrepreneurship.

Top Ten Myths of Entrepreneurship
This is a guest post by Scott Shane as a follow up to his entrepreneurship test. He is the A. Malachi Mixon Professor of Entrepreneurial Studies at Case Western Reserve University. He is the author of seven books, the latest of which is The Illusions of Entrepreneurship: The Costly Myths That Entrepreneurs, Investors, and Policy Makers Live By. Many entrepreneurs believe a bunch of myths about entrepreneurship, so here are ten of the most common and the realities that bust them:

The Art of Success Journaling: Wealth Creation From Your Words
How can you use a diary or journal to unlock your authentic self and your dreams? How do you unleash your spirit so you can jump out of bed and joyfully experience life every single day? Maybe you remember moments where you felt truly inspired or divinely fulfilled in every way. If you can capture those moments, they become tools to help you understand your dreams and desires. In this way, your journal can be the magic wand that removes all limits and unlocks your heart.
The Secrets of "Serious Entrepreneurship"
As the times change, more and more individuals are seeking entrepreneurship than ever before. The need for financial security is steadily increasing day by day. But it is those that have that feeling of serious entrepreneurship deep inside that are leading the pack today.
4 Ls of Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneur Devesh Dwivedi talks about the the letter L in the word 'entrepreneurship'... Love, Listen, Learn, and Leverage are the Ls of entrepreneurship. Read until the end as there are two surprise Ls as well.

How to write journal entries – The 3 must-ask questions
I am a big fan of Jim Rohn and Tony Robbins. One of the things that they both share in common is the habit of maintaining a journal. And what is the purpose of writing a journal? To jot down the lessons that life has taught you and how you contributed to your day. That’s why. As it’s said, ‘If life is worth living, then it’s worth recording’. But one of the more common challenges that people face is about what to write in the journal. I have been a victim of this disease, until recently. I learnt this very valuable lesson from Tony Robbins, which I am about to share with you.
Amazing Entrepreneurship
Find out how you can have a happy entrepreneurship career by putting all the right energy into the right places. If you follow these tips into an amazing entrepreneurship, you are going to live a satisfied life throughout your career.
Entrepreneurship Is Very Closely Associated With Your Risk Taking Abilities
Entrepreneurship is a vital quality which makes any person a successful entrepreneur. In other words, the act of being an entrepreneur is called entrepreneurship. However, if we try to understand entrepreneurship in management terms, it is an activity of undertaking risks of a business, innovations, and other business activities.

Review, Assess, Celebrate, and Refocus: Personal Pathways and Pitfalls
If applicable, you and your life partner should get away at least once a year to review, assess, celebrate, and refocus the progress toward your vision, values, purpose, and goals. Using a journal to reflect on and record your deepest thoughts is especially important if you're going through a tough period and you don't have someone or a group of close people that you can talk and reflect with. At this point in the annual improvement process, look back through your journal entries to review and assess your progress.

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