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Moving Beyond the Batey
Dieula's story - The Dominican Republic

2.6 Hazards at work, health and the poverty trap: Working Out of Poverty
Inadequate housing and food, unsafe water, poor sanitation, hazardous working conditions and little or no access to health care – all of these contribute to ill health which is one of the main brakes on poverty-reducing development. Complications arising from undiagnosed or untreated diseases prevalent in many low-income countries and especially among rural populations (such as malaria, tuberculosis, gastro-intestinal disorders, anaemia and HIV/AIDS), combined with the health consequences of hazardous work, can be deadly and are certainly debilitating.

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2.0 The economic context: Support for Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania, 2005
Tanzania has a population of just over 37 million, a GDP of US$22 billion, and GDP per capita of US$610.6 An estimated 51 per cent of the population lives below the poverty line. Eighty per cent of the country’s poor population live in rural areas, depending on subsistence agriculture and unable to participate in broader markets. Poor roads, exorbitantly expensive utilities and prohibitive policies have compounded this problem, significantly impeding the growth of the economy.7 Agriculture, the mainstay of the economy, is almost 50 per cent of GDP, and small-scale peasant farmers, who make up 70 per cent of the population, carry out over 80 per cent of agricultural activities. About 30 per cent of the population over 15 years of age is illiterate (UDEC, 2002).
What if They Don’t Buy?
This post I am writing in response to the story about the UK Soil Association’s decision to increase barriers to airfreight produce imports from other countries. When I read this story my heart became heavy for the Kenyan and Ghanaian farmers who will likely lose income and might ultimately be forced to sell or reorganize their farms; as a result of the harsh new standards imposed upon agricultural products flown into the UK from abroad.

Market access: Provisions of Agreement on Agriculture
An often-mentioned problem of developing countries’ agricultural export has been the lack of access to developed countries' markets, due to the institution of a myriad of import controls and other restrictions. This has largely undermined the growth prospects of developing countries whose development strategy relied on agricultural exports.
Domestic farm support programs in developed countries: Provisions of Agreement on Agriculture
A basic source of distortion in the world market for agricultural commodities and primary products has been the differential level of domestic support that developed and developing countries can give to the production of these commodities. This has tended to reduce the price competitiveness of developing countries.
Export competition and export subsidies: Provisions of Agreement on Agriculture
Domestic support and export subsidy policies have been employed largely by developed economies to protect their agricultural sectors.
Assessment of Impact of the WTO Provisions on Africa's Agricultural Exports
Bold as the 1994 Uruguay Round initiatives were, scholars are not convinced that the real motive behind them is actually the revitalization of the developing countries' agricultural export trade. Most
Export Promotion Strategies for Primary Products: New Approaches to Trade Development in Africa
Many believe that agricultural exports can be made to once again contribute substantially to export earnings.
III.b. E-Commerce and Primary Commodity Markets: E-COMMERCE AND SMALL ENTREPRENEURS
Most low-income developing countries continue to be primary commodity exporters (including oil, gas and other minerals, and agricultural products). Thus, short of wholesale diversification into manufactures and services, their immediate interest is in how e-commerce may affect competitiveness in their traditional export markets.
4.2.1 The gendered nature of poverty
Over two thirds of those living in absolute poverty are women (UNDP, 1998). As noted earlier, women are very heavily concentrated in the most marginal survival enterprises (often working at home) and in wage employment in secondary labour markets that are characterised by low skills and high turnover. In Sub-Saharan Africa, they also undertake the bulk of agricultural production. The 'training crisis' is, therefore, overwhelmingly linked to the economic and social vulnerability of women and particularly the multiple constraints that prevent them from exploiting training opportunities.
Federal Executive Council (FEC) of Nigeria Approves $27.2m Loan from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) for Rural Microfinance
The Federal Executive Council (FEC) of Nigeria, presided over by President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua, approved a USD 27.2 million loan from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), as reported by AllAfrica.com. The loan, along with a USD 400,000 grant from IFAD, will constitute the core financing of IFAD’s Rural Finance Institution-Building Programme (RFIBP), a seven-year plan to strengthen rural microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Nigeria as well as establish increased linkages between MFIs and mainstream financial institutions.

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