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The Modern Marketer’s Milking (S)Tool
The three-legged (s)tool for marketing success: Segmentation, Differentiation, Implementation
Entrepreneurs Suffer Success Allergy
Entrepreneurs success allergy? How can that be? Success is a concept, not something you eat, drink, wear or come into a physical contact with. Even so, it does appear that a large number of entrepreneurs just may be allergic to success. Perhaps, not in the sense that you have a physical presentation like a rash, stuffy nose, watery eyes, swelling or inflammation when you come in contact with success. An allergic reaction to success is much more subtle.

How to Improve Your Time Management
One of the most common things that I come across working with people in business (especially business owners) is the comment that ‘I just have too much to do and not enough time to do it’ Now experience has shown that, on average, many people are actually working productively for only 20% of their working week until they start to focus on how they plan their week and their use of time. Effective time management is not just about productivity though – it’s essential to your health too (and it’s one of the key determinants of your business success). It is not unusual, when coaching clients, that we see a substantial increase in time management effectiveness enabling business owners to double their previous output results in quite a short period of time
VI. C. Institutional Quality: WHAT DETERMINES STOCK MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA?
Institutional quality is important for stock market development because efficient and accountable institutions tend broaden appeal and confidence in equity investment.
VI. A. Macroeconomic Stability: WHAT DETERMINES STOCK MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA?
The previous section has provided enough evidence to make a convincing case that stock market development at least creates the enabling environment for a successful economic growth. The policy question, therefore, is what determines stock market development? The literature suggests that sound macroeconomic environment, well developed banking sector, transparent and accountable institutions, and shareholder protection are necessary preconditions for the efficient functioning of stock markets in Africa.
Determinants of Enterprise Training: What are the Training Constraints?
Enterprise Surveys have shown that large variances in training incidence exist across firms. A natural question then is why do certain firms invest more in training and others do not. There is a certain amount of cross-country and individual country evidence in the literature to identify why this is the case.
Empirical Evidence: Does Human Capital Matter?
Although the theoretical literature on FDI presumes human capital to be among the key ingredients of inward FDI (Dunning, 1988; Lucas, 1990; and Zhang and Markusen, 1999), there are only few cross-country analyses done to identify the determinants of inward FDI in developing countries.
Questions Posed: HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
The following lists key policy questions on HRD and FDI to be tackled throughout the paper. All the questions will be reviewed and assessed in the concluding chapter.
5.3 Conclusion: Economic Report on Africa 2007
This chapter has shown that there are clear and measurable determinants of diversification in Africa at the continental, subregional and country level. Despite the inadequacy of African data, it may be said that, at least at the continental level, the diversification process is highly influenced by investment, per capita income, level of openness, macroeconomic policy stances, governance, and conflict.
5.2 Diversification-deepening policies raise growth and TFP: Economic Report on Africa 2007
What then do these results imply? They mean that pursuing diversification-deepening policies could help accelerate growth. Important policy implications of this link arise with respect to the determinants of diversification that were discussed earlier in the chapter.
5.2 Is it factor accumulation or total factor productivity that drives growth in Africa?: Economic Report on Africa 2007
To investigate the link between growth and diversification, it was important to first quantify the contribution of TFP to economic growth. This section analyses the sources of growth for African countries using the standard growth accounting method, making it possible to disaggregate the shares of growth contributed by TFP, capital and labour. Growth in output is the sum of the growth in capital, labour and TFP. Capital accumulation is an essential element in the growth process, as it enlarges the economy’s capacity to produce. Increases in labour or labour force have traditionally been considered a positive factor in stimulating economic growth.
5.1 The results vary by diversification regime: Economic Report on Africa 2007
At this point, it is worthwhile to recall the five diversification regimes: those countries with little diversification; countries that started but got stuck in the diversification process; those with deepened diversification; backsliders in diversification; and the conflict and post-conflict countries. This report suggests that belonging to a particular regime has more to do with policy and institutional factors at the country level. Consequently, there are different determinants when the discussion is brought to the country level (see table A5.2 for correlation results).
5.0 Diversification and Growth: Economic Report on Africa 2007
The presentation in the previous chapter has painted a varied picture of the results of Africa’s efforts to diversify its economies. At the same time, regional differences between Africa, Asia and Latin America were compared. The question then becomes why some countries or regions achieved breakthrough in their diversification efforts while others did not? Identifying the determinants of diversification is one part of solving this puzzle. Linking these policy instruments to growth and development outcomes through growth is the other part of the puzzle. This chapter is about fitting both parts of the puzzle together.
4.2 Diversification regimes in Africa: Economic Report on Africa 2007
Analysing the various diversification indices and the structure of the top ten export commodities for selected countries over the last two decades and a half provides some useful insights which can be used to define diversification regimes that characterize Africa. Five diversification regimes can be identified from Africa’s experience (see Ben Hammouda et al. 2006b). These regimes should not be viewed as steps or as a continuum that a country must follow as it moves from a concentrated to a diversified economy. Rather, the regimes are a result of the policy actions that a country has set in place over a given period of time. The particular regime that a country falls into is likely to be the result of a mix among the various diversification determinants.

Managing Credit Risk in Microlending Operations
One of the most important determinants of a successful microlending operation is the successful management of credit risk. Or, more simply, keeping loan delinquencies to an acceptable level.

Other determinants Related Articles

Overview VIII: Economic Report on Africa 2007
Evidence on the determinants and stages of diversification
3.0 The African Entrepreneur Personal Traits: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
More than twenty personal traits of entrepreneurs have been linked to entrepreneurial success in Africa (LeVine, 1966; Benedict, 1979; Frese, 2000), and elsewhere (Stewart, 1996). Debate continues as to whether psychological variables, socio-demographic factors or external factors are the best determinants of entrepreneurial behavior and performance (Frese, 2000; Buame, 1996).

Managing Credit Risk in Microlending Operations
One of the most important determinants of a successful microlending operation is the successful management of credit risk. Or, more simply, keeping loan delinquencies to an acceptable level.

4.2 Diversification regimes in Africa: Economic Report on Africa 2007
Analysing the various diversification indices and the structure of the top ten export commodities for selected countries over the last two decades and a half provides some useful insights which can be used to define diversification regimes that characterize Africa. Five diversification regimes can be identified from Africa’s experience (see Ben Hammouda et al. 2006b). These regimes should not be viewed as steps or as a continuum that a country must follow as it moves from a concentrated to a diversified economy. Rather, the regimes are a result of the policy actions that a country has set in place over a given period of time. The particular regime that a country falls into is likely to be the result of a mix among the various diversification determinants.

5.0 Diversification and Growth: Economic Report on Africa 2007
The presentation in the previous chapter has painted a varied picture of the results of Africa’s efforts to diversify its economies. At the same time, regional differences between Africa, Asia and Latin America were compared. The question then becomes why some countries or regions achieved breakthrough in their diversification efforts while others did not? Identifying the determinants of diversification is one part of solving this puzzle. Linking these policy instruments to growth and development outcomes through growth is the other part of the puzzle. This chapter is about fitting both parts of the puzzle together.
5.1 Macroeconomic stance is crucial to diversification outcomes: Economic Report on Africa 2007
An important aspect of the diversification debate and of Africa’s experience has to do with the role that macroeconomic policy plays. This has also been investigated at the continental level in the results that are presented in table A5.1. Two important indicators of macroeconomic stability, depending on the macroeconomic policy in operation, are inflation and real effective exchange rates and these are found to be among the most critical determinants of diversification outcomes in Africa.
5.1 The results vary by diversification regime: Economic Report on Africa 2007
At this point, it is worthwhile to recall the five diversification regimes: those countries with little diversification; countries that started but got stuck in the diversification process; those with deepened diversification; backsliders in diversification; and the conflict and post-conflict countries. This report suggests that belonging to a particular regime has more to do with policy and institutional factors at the country level. Consequently, there are different determinants when the discussion is brought to the country level (see table A5.2 for correlation results).
5.2 Diversification-deepening policies raise growth and TFP: Economic Report on Africa 2007
What then do these results imply? They mean that pursuing diversification-deepening policies could help accelerate growth. Important policy implications of this link arise with respect to the determinants of diversification that were discussed earlier in the chapter.
5.3 Conclusion: Economic Report on Africa 2007
This chapter has shown that there are clear and measurable determinants of diversification in Africa at the continental, subregional and country level. Despite the inadequacy of African data, it may be said that, at least at the continental level, the diversification process is highly influenced by investment, per capita income, level of openness, macroeconomic policy stances, governance, and conflict.
Empirical Evidence: Does Human Capital Matter?
Although the theoretical literature on FDI presumes human capital to be among the key ingredients of inward FDI (Dunning, 1988; Lucas, 1990; and Zhang and Markusen, 1999), there are only few cross-country analyses done to identify the determinants of inward FDI in developing countries.
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