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A participatory learning system for microfinance
A key objective for impact assessment of microfinance programmes is 'internal learning' by field staff and programme managers about what is working, what is not working and why, in order to improve programme operations.

Other external researchers Related Articles

Conceptualizations Of Organizational Environmental Uncertainty
In the management literature, the external environment can be broadly defined as “the totality of physical and social factors that are taken directly into consideration in the decision-making behavior of individuals in organizations” (Duncan, 1972, p. 314). Organizational researchers have long theorized that the overall environment consists primarily of several independent components (e.g. Duncan, 1972; Miles and Snow, 1978; Hambrick, 1982). Among the most significant elements that were theorized to exist in the external environment were customers, competitors, government regulations and labor unions. While the individual components that made up each researcher’s conception of the environment were not always the same, each conception agreed that the various environmental elements acted to create uncertainty for firms.
Resource Dependence Theory In Management
In the early 1970s researchers began to question whether managers were able to accurately perceive the threats and opportunities actually present in the external environment. Scholars soon began to search for a more objective method of operationalizing the environmental uncertainty construct. Attempting to solve this dilemma, researchers in the 1970s began to explore resource dependency as a more objective measure of the uncertainty that organizations faced when dealing with their environment.
15.0 What Needs to be Done - Producing Better Research: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa
Most researchers and policy makers have tended to use the information summarized in Table I in an isolated way. Researchers have concentrated either on the entrepreneur (e.g., Frese, 2000), the entrepreneurial firm (Jorgensen, et al., 1986), or the external environment (Buame, 1996). Rarely have they taken a holistic approach to study the combined and interactive effects of the three factors on entrepreneurial success or failure across time and space.
Financing Corporate Growth in Ghana: The Role of the Stock Market
We examine how listed corporations in Ghana finance their growth and to what extent do they rely on external finance relative to internal finance. As companies expand through the acquisition of assets they have choices to make in how that growth is financed. Past earnings can be retained as a source of internal finance or be paid to shareholders as dividends. External sources of finance include both the issuance of new equity (external equity) and various debts instruments (external debt).
Public Sector Procurement Practice and the Principles of External Economies, Clustering and the Global Value Chain
Can the public sector effectively apply the principles of External Economies to its procurement practice? “External economies of scale (ES) occur outside of a firm, within an industry. Thus, when an industry’s scope of operations expands due to, for example, the creation of a better transportation network, resulting in a subsequent decrease in costs for a company working within that industry, external economies of scale are said to have been achieved. With external ES, all firms within the industry will benefit.” (What Are Economies of Scale? By Reem Heakal, January 2003)

Dangerous Supply Chain Myths (Part 4)
Segment 4 – Internal & External Collaboration: A Desire versus Skill! Internal & External Collaboration In order to extract the significant gains that collaboration can bring, companies will need to enable best-practice multi-lateral collaboration between supply partners, achieve integrated product development, and employ “customer of choice” positioning.

Internal Customer Relationship Management
CRM is not just about maintaining databases, touching your external customers every so often, remembering their names, and upselling. It is so much more than that, and begins within the walls of your organization. If your internal CRM strateges are not up to snuff, chances are that your relationships with your external customers will suffer as a direct result. Learn how to enhance your internal customer service delivery plan so that the bottom line of your company stays healthy.
The Importance of a Good Handshake
For the first time ever, researchers have studied the importance of a good handshake.
Nature Helps ADHD Symptoms
Researchers at the University of Illinois found that 20 minutes in nature (think green!) helped reduce unwanted ADHD symptoms among its participants. While this study was done with children, the researchers state that their findings also extend to ADHD adults and the non-ADHD population.
Balance Self-Confidence and Uncertainty
Researchers have revealed yet another key to flow.
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