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Empirical Evidence: Does Human Capital Matter?
Although the theoretical literature on FDI presumes human capital to be among the key ingredients of inward FDI (Dunning, 1988; Lucas, 1990; and Zhang and Markusen, 1999), there are only few cross-country analyses done to identify the determinants of inward FDI in developing countries.
Trends in FDI in Developing Countries: Background
During the past two decades, a number of developing countries witnessed a growing importance of FDI as the primary source of financial capital flows into their economy. FDI brings not only increased access to foreign exchange, trade and employment, but also new products, information and technology. It is no coincidence that this rapid growth of FDI was accompanied by an increase in the level of human capital. The latter was achieved by strong government commitments to expand formal education and vocational training along with improved enterprise efforts to improve training opportunities for workers. This section looks at recent trends in both FDI and HRD in order to highlight the magnitude of this issue as well as to explain some of the key issues raised in this paper.
Summary: HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
This paper synthesises the existing literature on human capital formation and foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries.

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3.3 Conclusion: Economic Report on Africa 2007
It is expected that the recent renewed global attention to the problems of developing countries will contribute to redressing the trends towards marginalization of these countries.
Market access: Provisions of Agreement on Agriculture
An often-mentioned problem of developing countries’ agricultural export has been the lack of access to developed countries' markets, due to the institution of a myriad of import controls and other restrictions. This has largely undermined the growth prospects of developing countries whose development strategy relied on agricultural exports.
Domestic farm support programs in developed countries: Provisions of Agreement on Agriculture
A basic source of distortion in the world market for agricultural commodities and primary products has been the differential level of domestic support that developed and developing countries can give to the production of these commodities. This has tended to reduce the price competitiveness of developing countries.
Export Subsidies by Developed Countries: Barriers to African External Trade
While advocates of liberalization in the economies of the developing countries have called for reduction in subsidies, the high levels of subsidies in developed countries have increased significantly especially in the OECD countries.
Policies to Develop Human Resources
Now that the importance of human capital in attracting FDI is understood, the next question is: what are the past HRD policy experiences of host developing countries that have strived to attract inward FDI? This section focuses on formal education policies to attract FDI. While vocational training policies also help improve human resources of host developing countries, they are likely to be more important after some influx of FDI into the economy.
Preface - E-COMMERCE FOR DEVELOPMENT: PROSPECTS AND POLICY ISSUES
The OECD has been a pioneer in addressing the challenges and opportunities of electronic commerce and the digital economy in the industrialised countries. It is natural then that the Development Centre should assess the scope for e-commerce in developing countries. But like the sailors in the strait of Messina, the research should avoid at once the scylla of technological pessimism — seeing an inevitably widening “digital divide” between industrialised and developing countries — and the charybdis of exaggerated claims about the Internet’s potential to resolve a host of development problems that have heretofore proved intractable.
VII. CONCLUSION - E-COMMERCE FOR DEVELOPMENT: PROSPECTS AND POLICY ISSUES
What have we learned about the potential that ICT and e-commerce hold for poor countries? While the danger of hyperbole looms large, e-commerce does present real opportunities to small entrepreneurs in developing countries.
3.1 The public sector: Training priorities, resources and reorientation
"While there is long history of poverty-focused training in developed industrial economies, it is still relatively rare in the large majority of developing countries where most of the poor live" (Malik, 1996:46). This seems particularly ironic given that most of the world's poor live in developing countries. The following discussion looks at why public sector training priorities continue to favour non-poor groups. We shall focus in particular on the design of poverty reduction programmes, overall resource availability and competing claims over training resources from other sectors and groups.

Outsourcing As a Business Model
Outsourcing as a business strategy is taking over the world. Companies in the western countries have started outsourcing almost every aspect of their business processes and the developing countries seem to be the primary beneficiaries.
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