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FDI International Opportunities - Is This Hype Or For Real?
FDI International is a new company launching very soon, with plans on changing the financial telecom industry, and offering numerous products from cell phones, prepaid cards and a VOIp call service and pricing then what currently exists on the marketplace for its quality.

India tells foreign luxury brands to wait a decade

With local partners pulling out as franchisees of international luxury brands, and a non-luxe label being the only one to arrive in India this year, we find out if the biggest names in luxury failed at mapping the Indian buyer's mind What does the manner in which Indians shop in 2009 have to do with Brahmanism, a system dating back thousands of years? Everything, someone would argue. Indians are a peculiar breed, victims of centuries-old socio-economic oppression. Where each of us is pinned on the social matrix is revealed by our last name or even a stray twist in accent. Money, or the display of it can rarely manage to unsettle the hierarchy. At least, not in a hurry.

CONCLUSION: What Drives China’s Growing Role in Africa?

This paper intends to provide an assessment, based on fractional information, of China’s economic involvement in Africa and to identify the forces shaping burgeoning China-Africa economic relations. The study is undertaken against the background of a rapidly changing landscape of international trade and finance that has eclipsed traditional aid flows to middleincome countries, making Africa ever more central for development finance.

IV. B. Private Investors: THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR

While the deals of Chinese state-owned oil companies such as CNPC, CNOOC, and SINOPEC in Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, and Sudan caught headlines, millions of U.S. dollars were being invested by Chinese private enterprises in Africa with little fanfare (Box 1). These investments are not confined to textiles and mining. They cover a variety of services from agriculture to processing and manufacturing.

Can Emerging Markets Follow China's FDI Growth Recipe?

China's ability to attract massive amounts of foreign investment does not derive entirely from its economic growth rate or the size of its population, observed Stephen J. Kobrin, Professor of Multinational Management, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, USA. Rather, China leads the developing world in liberalizing its foreign investment policies, he noted. Felipe Larra Bascu Professor of Economics, Catholic University of Chile, Chile, challenged this view, saying he believed that it was China's large marketplace, high growth rate and low costs rather than its investment policies driving FDI. Between these extremes, Paul A. Laudicina, Managing Director, A.T. Kearney, USA, said that interviews with his firm's clients revealed that it was both the size of China's marketplace and its policies that were luring investment.

Enhancing Africa's Global Competitiveness through Economic Governance
Africa would seem to have a unique opportunity to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and hence to build its international competitiveness by the investment uncertainties created by the needs for the US and EU to solve their particular economic problems. This was a theme running through the deliberations of the plenary session.

CONCLUSION: HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
The literature on human capital formation and FDI provides tentative answers to the five questions posed in the introduction of this paper.

Policies to Facilitate a Virtuous Circle
There are only limited experiences of host countries that have succeeded in continuously attracting FDI while effectively moving-up the value chains through solid HRD and technology transfers.

HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION BY MNES AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS
The previous section examined the role of host countries in attracting inward FDI and found that efforts to develop an attractive investment climate supported by sound policy reforms in HRD would help open doors to inward FDI. This section focuses on what host countries can do next to mobilise these MNEs to strengthen HRD further.

Attracting Service Sector MNEs

As shown in section II.2, services sector FDI has been a growing area in the past 15 years. Since the service sector FDI, in general, involves high value-added MNEs that possess knowledge and technology, host developing countries may want to mobilise their human resources so as to attract these types of MNEs. While not all servicesrelated MNEs require high-skilled workers, some of the growing services-related MNEs do actually require a high-skilled workforce. They include MNEs operating in the area of financial services, information technology, telecommunication, pharmaceutical, medical, as well as firms that locate regional headquarters in the host country.

Policies to Develop Human Resources

Now that the importance of human capital in attracting FDI is understood, the next question is: what are the past HRD policy experiences of host developing countries that have strived to attract inward FDI? This section focuses on formal education policies to attract FDI. While vocational training policies also help improve human resources of host developing countries, they are likely to be more important after some influx of FDI into the economy.

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND ATTRACTING INWARD FDI

One of the characteristics of rich industrial economies is the availability of a workforce with a high level of human capital. Whether human capital has been the key driver of economic prosperity or vice-versa is still a matter of debate. Nevertheless, long time series trends in educational attainment and economic growth during the last century indicate that HRD and economic prosperity went hand in hand10. Some developing countries followed similar trends in human capital and economic growth. What was distinctive about these developing countries is that they appeared to have realised large economic benefits in attracting MNEs into host economies, and have thus mobilised inward FDI to attain rapid economic growth.

Questions Posed: HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
The following lists key policy questions on HRD and FDI to be tackled throughout the paper. All the questions will be reviewed and assessed in the concluding chapter.

Introduction: HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Human resource development (HRD) and foreign direct investment (FDI) are among the key drivers of growth in developed and developing countries.

5.3 Harnessing the potential and sharing the stresses of economic integration: Working Out of Poverty
Many low-income countries are already closely connected to international markets, with exports and imports of goods and services constituting on average 43 per cent of GDP for the LDCs in 1997-98.

1.16 Building a more inclusive global economy: Working Out of Poverty
A strategy that combines local action in a sound national macroeconomic framework with an international effort to boost and sustain investment, trade growth and technological transfers could yield a substantial dividend in the form of poverty reduction and growing markets. I would like to flag a few issues.


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