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IV. Module II: Linking Microfinance to Poverty Eradication
There is a fundamental linkage between microfinance and poverty eradication in that the latter depends on the poor gaining access to, and control over, economically productive resources, which includes financial resources.
5.12 Social dialogue: Working Out of Poverty
Promotion of tripartite mechanisms to strengthen the decent work dimensions of national economic and social development policies aimed at poverty reduction.
5.11 Rights and labour law reform: Working Out of Poverty
Development of a programme to eradicate child labour and the linkages to improved access to schools. Data on child labour require a special approach, given that it is often hidden.
4.6 Conclusions: Working Out of Poverty
Institution building for decent work and poverty reduction
4.3 Informal labour markets: Working Out of Poverty
A strategy for improving governance
4.0 Sustainable pro-poor growth and the governance of the labour market: Working Out of Poverty
It is revealing to look at the challenge of reducing and eventually eliminating poverty from the perspective of the drive to create decent work for women and men. Such a viewpoint helps to focus the attention of public authorities, from the local to the global level, the social partners and relevant groups in civil society on how to make institutions and markets serve better the needs of those most at risk of being trapped in poverty.
3.4 Making money work for poverty reduction: Working Out of Poverty
The incomes of working people living in poverty are not only low, but also volatile. Poor people, aware of the risks of not having sufficient earnings to meet daily needs, tend to save proportionally more than families with more secure, higher incomes. However, most banks do not offer savings and loan facilities to poor people. Many must hide their savings in cash somewhere and, when they need a loan, resort to the local moneylender for credit at onerous rates of interest. Microfinance is the provision, on a sustainable basis, of financial services such as credit, savings, insurance, payments and guarantees to poor people generally outside the reach of the formal financial market.
3.3 Supporting entrepreneurship in micro and small enterprises: Working Out of Poverty
Small enterprises constitute a large and growing share of employment in the developing world, and are generally more labour intensive than larger firms.

2.7 Growing old in poverty: Working Out of Poverty
Multi-generational relationships have sustained family and community life for centuries. Increasingly, however, older people have to rely on themselves to meet all their needs.
2.5 Living and working in the urban informal economy: Working Out of Poverty
Street vendors in Mexico City; rickshaw pullers in Calcutta; jeepney drivers in Manila; garbage collectors in Bogotá; and roadside barbers in Durban – those who work on the streets or in the open air are the more visible occupational groups in the informal economy. The streets of cities, towns, and villages in most developing countries – and in many developed countries – are lined with barbers, cobblers, garbage collectors, waste recyclers, and vendors of vegetables, fruit, meat, fish, snack foods, and a myriad of nonperishable items ranging from locks and keys to soaps and detergents, and clothing. In many countries, head-loaders, cart pullers, bicycle peddlers, rickshaw pullers, and camel, bullock, or horse-cart drivers jostle to make their way down narrow village lanes or through the maze of traffic on city streets.
2.4 Agricultural workers and rural communities: Working Out of Poverty
A better understanding of the social and economic dynamics of rural communities is critical to the reduction and eradication of poverty. The world’s poorest countries are those most dependent on agriculture. Threequarters of the people in extreme poverty live in rural areas.
2.3 Women workers and the work of women: Working Out of Poverty
Today’s girl child is tomorrow’s older woman worker, and it is her opportunities and experiences now that will shape her ability to obtain and maintain decent work throughout her adult life, and enjoy security and protection in her old age. If girls, compared to boys, face negative cultural attitudes and practices and discrimination from birth, they will grow up to be women with greater constraints and few choices and opportunities. In turn, they will be less able to influence positively the lives of their daughters and sons, so that poverty is likely to be passed on from one generation to the next.
2.2 Wasting opportunities: Working Out of Poverty
Youth unemployment
1.18 Building bridges: Working Out of Poverty
The majority of people in developing countries live and work in the back alleys of the marketplace, the informal economy, the rural subsistence economy and the care economy.This presents a major challenge.
4.2.1 The challenges and barriers of growth: Support for Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania, 2005
Most women entrepreneurs face many growth barriers

Other informal economy Related Articles

Ending poverty means abandoning charity and accepting reality
Benin Mwangi, who blogs about doing business in Africa, asked me recently: "should the discussion be about how to get the informal sector to become part of the formal sector or should it be how to cater to the informal sector?" This in an excursion into the morass of African poverty and development. The short answer is: neither; ending poverty has nothing to do with the informal sector.

4.0 The state of women’s enterprises in Tanzania: Support for Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania, 2005
Currently, there is no comprehensive data on the number of women in the MSME sector, the size of their enterprises, or their distribution by sector. Only proxies are available. In NISS (1991) women accounted for about 35 per cent of informal enterprises. By 1995, it was estimated that the proportion of women in the sector could have risen to 70 per cent of the informal sector labour force. In a 2000 Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF) study, 55 per cent of the enterprises in the sample were owned by women (as reported in Mlingi, 2000, p. 89). Swisscontact (2003) estimated that women owned 43 per cent of MSEs.
4.2 The profile of growth-oriented women: Support for Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania, 2005
Since recent statistics disaggregated by sex are not available, it is not possible to estimate how many women among informal economy enterprises and SMEs are operating growth firms, or how many of them have medium-sized enterprises.
10.2 Pre-start-up training: Support for Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania, 2005
Data from a 1997-98 training needs assessment of informal sector operators found that over 75 per cent of informal sector operators had primary education, while only seven per cent had attended vocational training courses. Most had acquired their skills in a variety of trades through apprenticeships or directly from their peers, but were unaware of the theoretical aspects (reported in Mlingi, 2000, p. 81). Only 5.3 per cent of the MSEs in the Swisscontact (2003) study had received any entrepreneurship training, and even fewer in new product technologies or costing and pricing. This suggests that most MSEs are “learning through trial and error” or from the practical know-how of other operators.
12.0 Business premises: Support for Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania, 2005
Tanzanian MSMEs face serious problems being able to access proper business premises. A large proportion of informal economy enterprises operate along the roadside.
2.3 Looking for Financial Sustainability: Microfinance in Africa - Experience and Lessons from Selected African Countries
The technologies described above, based on the formalization of informal techniques and on group-based instruments, have been used to promote financial sustainability of MFIs. They have the advantage of addressing a number of problems faced by financial institutions when operating with the poor or with the informal sector, for example, asymmetry of information, lack of collateral, and difficult enforcement of legal rights.
1.18 Building bridges: Working Out of Poverty
The majority of people in developing countries live and work in the back alleys of the marketplace, the informal economy, the rural subsistence economy and the care economy.This presents a major challenge.
Micro-enterprise and the 'mobile divide'
New benefits and old inequalities in Nigeria's informal sector
4.1.2 Enterprises with growth potential: The demand for training
Most training strategies in the informal sector have targeted manufacturing microenterprises that are considered to have some growth potential. However, even within this relatively better-off segment of the informal sector, the effective demand for training has frequently been found to be quite limited.
SME's - The need for more thought by African governments on the informal sector
The importance of a proper informal sector policy.
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