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V. INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY REQUIREMENTS FOR E-COMMERCE DEVELOPMENT
Even assuming the physical infrastructure bottlenecks to Internet expansion are overcome and access prices become more affordable in developing countries, a number of other significant policy challenges must be met if governments are to create an environment conducive to e-commerce.
Policies to Facilitate a Virtuous Circle
There are only limited experiences of host countries that have succeeded in continuously attracting FDI while effectively moving-up the value chains through solid HRD and technology transfers.
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND ATTRACTING INWARD FDI
One of the characteristics of rich industrial economies is the availability of a workforce with a high level of human capital. Whether human capital has been the key driver of economic prosperity or vice-versa is still a matter of debate. Nevertheless, long time series trends in educational attainment and economic growth during the last century indicate that HRD and economic prosperity went hand in hand10. Some developing countries followed similar trends in human capital and economic growth. What was distinctive about these developing countries is that they appeared to have realised large economic benefits in attracting MNEs into host economies, and have thus mobilised inward FDI to attain rapid economic growth.

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“TOP TEN TIPS TO EFFECTIVELY WORK WITH POLICY MAKERS”
We are sometimes called on to work with policy makers in a variety of organizations we are associated with in our personal, business and volunteer lives. Working with these policy makers can be very rewarding and can be very frustrating. Since 1970 I have been working with policy makers at all levels of government, non-profits, businesses, institutions and other organizations. And from the experience of those years, I developed a list of the top 10 tips to effectively work with policy makers. I have summarized those tips below:

5.1 The SME Development Policy (SMEDP): Support for Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania, 2005
It should be noted that the latest round of SME development policies are very recent. The MIT released its national SME Development Policy in 2003, a process it has been working on since 1998. The SME Development Policy was approved by Parliament on 11 February 2003 and officially launched on 27 August 2003. The overall objective of the policy is “to foster job creation and income generation through promoting the creation of new SMEs and improving the performance and competitiveness of the existing ones to increase their participation and contribution to the Tanzanian economy” (MIT, 2003). The implementation plan for the SME Development Policy includes a list of priority programmes and projects,24 categorized under seven major objectives:
9.3 Micro-finance institutions (MFIs): Support for Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania, 2005
Micro-finance operators in Tanzania function within the framework of the Government’s National Micro Finance Policy of 2000. The objectives of this policy are to provide the basis for the evolution of an efficient and effective micro-finance system to serve the low segment of society and contribute to economic growth and poverty reduction (as described in MIT, 2002). The policy establishes a framework within which micro-finance operators will develop, lays out the principles to guide operations of the system, defines roles and responsibilities of actors, and provides guidelines for coordinating mechanisms. The Central Bank was given the mandate to coordinate implementation of the policy. It is interesting to note that the Micro Finance Policy includes “gender equity” as a best practice.
5.1 Determinants of diversification in Africa: Economic Report on Africa 2007
Diversification and policy variables constitute a two-way process in that diversification not only influences policy outcomes, but is itself influenced by policy variables. This proposition naturally leads to the search for those economic and non-economic policy actions that are likely to affect the level and rate of diversification in a country. What evidence is there that links economic and non-economic variables with national capacity to diversify?
V. INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY REQUIREMENTS FOR E-COMMERCE DEVELOPMENT
Even assuming the physical infrastructure bottlenecks to Internet expansion are overcome and access prices become more affordable in developing countries, a number of other significant policy challenges must be met if governments are to create an environment conducive to e-commerce.
Fiscal Policy for a Sustainable Environment
In both developed and developing countries, fiscal policy has an important role to play in assuring sustainable use of natural resources and safeguarding the environment. This applies to both the tax and spending sides of the government’s budget.
VI. A. Macroeconomic Stability: WHAT DETERMINES STOCK MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA?
The previous section has provided enough evidence to make a convincing case that stock market development at least creates the enabling environment for a successful economic growth. The policy question, therefore, is what determines stock market development? The literature suggests that sound macroeconomic environment, well developed banking sector, transparent and accountable institutions, and shareholder protection are necessary preconditions for the efficient functioning of stock markets in Africa.
Monetary Police is Science, Everything Else is Stamp-Collecting
This new Eric Leeper paper seems delusional in arguing that monetary policy is science, while fiscal policy is stamp-collecting, but I maybe I'm just being crotchety. The piece also comes up with the new-to-me argument that monetary policy would be even better science if it weren't for fiscal policy mucking things up.
The Fundamentals of a Successful Corporate Social Media Policy
Whether your corporate culture embraces social media or not, it is crucial to implement a social media policy in the workplace. Any business that does not have a solid policy in place exposes themselves to significant risks. Learn about the key elements of an effective workplace social media policy.
Insurance Defense Costs
Does Your Business Insurance Policy Cover Defense Costs Within the Insurance Limit or Defense Costs Outside of the Insurance Limit? Did you know that a liability policy, which is part of any typical business insurance policy or commercial insurance policy coverage, has two distinct obligations? A liability insurance policy, if it is a general liability, product liability or professional liability insurance policy is designed to protect you against your legal obligation to pay others because you have hurt them and/or have damaged their property. A policy also defends you against claims or lawsuits. In other words, besides paying for claims or suits, a liability policy also pays for their related legal costs and court fees.
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