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5.1 Is there a poverty reduction crisis? Training outputs and impacts
To what extent are the disappointing outputs and impacts of training interventions in support of the poor symptomatic of a much wider problem, namely the failure of government and NGO efforts to reduce significantly the level of poverty in most countries?

Training and the Poor: Learning to change
This paper explores the role of training in assisting individuals who are economically vulnerable and socially excluded (EVSE) in developing countries. Roughly speaking, almost one in four of the population in the developing world lives in absolute poverty and this number continues to increase rather than decrease. Poverty reduction is now at the top of the policy agendas of most bilateral donor agencies and international development organisations within and outside the United Nations system as well as a growing number of governments. Ambitious targets to halve poverty by 2015 have been set by the Development Assistance Committee of the OECD (see UNDP, 1998; OECD, 1997).

Executive Summary: Learning to change
In the context of mass poverty in most developing countries, the critical role of training in furnishing badly needed skills to improve productivity, incomes and equitable access to employment opportunities seems particularly obvious and straightforward.

Moving Forward: International Financial Institutions
The international financial institutions (IFIs) need to continue to provide financial support to countries pursuing sustainable growth and poverty-reduction strategies.

Fiscal Balances and Growth
A prudent, sustainable fiscal position promotes economic growth.

5.7 The Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper process: Working Out of Poverty
The ILO experience

5.6 A coherent framework for national and local action: Working Out of Poverty
Increased in-depth analysis of the multifaceted experience of poverty is leading to a growing awareness of the need for a range of policies that are specific to the problems faced by different communities and countries. Given that the causes of poverty are many and interconnected, targeted policies have most effect when they act in combination to break cycles of poverty. One of the most encouraging aspects of the new approach to poverty reduction and eradication is therefore the emphasis on policy coherence, based on a comprehensive development framework.

3.5 Building local development through cooperatives: Working Out of Poverty
The participation of people living in poverty in policies to improve their livelihood and counteract social exclusion and vulnerability is increasingly emphasized in poverty reduction strategies.

3.1 Skills development for sustainable livelihoods: Working Out of Poverty
It is a commonplace in debates about how to reduce poverty to assert that poor people’s main or only asset is their labour. It seems obvious that training has a critical role to play in improving productivity, incomes and equitable access to employment opportunities. Yet a striking feature of most poverty reduction strategies in developing countries is that the vocational education and training component is largely absent.

1.19 Building trust: Working Out of Poverty
Given the multifaceted and interconnected character of poverty, there is a growing awareness of the need for a range of policies that are specific to the problems faced by different communities and countries.

1.17 Building partnerships: Working Out of Poverty
I have often talked about the need for team play in the multilateral system to face the challenges of today’s world. Most would agree that the multilateral system is underperforming in this respect. We can and must renew our efforts to work together in a true global partnership of mutual responsibility and accountability.

1.15 Building an employment agenda: Working Out of Poverty
Employment, and the promotion of enterprise that creates it, remains the most effective route to poverty eradication. The objective of full employment is essential – an issue on which the European Union has given political leadership. Most policy prescriptions, however, do not view job creation as an explicit objective of economic and social policies, but rather as a hopedfor result of sound macroeconomic policies. At the ILO, we believe that sound macroeconomic policies are essential for desired growth, but such growth must be employment-intensive to effectively reduce poverty. While the main challenge remains at the national level, development cooperation has a role to play. Donor countries and institutions, especially international financial institutions, should build this in as an integral part of their vision.

1.5 Skills development for sustainable livelihoods: Working Out of Poverty
We all know skills are essential to improve productivity, incomes and access to employment opportunities. Yet a striking feature of most poverty reduction strategies is the absence of vocational education and training – even though the vast majority of working people living in poverty cannot afford and have no access to training opportunities. The ILO is working with its constituents and others to rethink human resource development policies.

Wanted: jobs for Africa’s youth - Policy Reforms
“For successful poverty reduction, African countries have to be in the driver’s seat,” says World Bank Africa Region Vice-President Gobind Nankani. “Africans know best where the shoe pinches. They should craft their own poverty-reduction strategies based on national realities.”

Wanted: jobs for Africa’s youth - Job Plans
However, most countries have not yet incorporated job creation plans into their national development frameworks. The national strategies include anti-poverty programmes, commonly based on Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). These are documents developed with assistance from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to set national priorities, direct spending of debt-relief funds and coordinate donor programmes.

Other poverty reduction strategies Related Articles

Wanted: jobs for Africa’s youth - Job Plans
However, most countries have not yet incorporated job creation plans into their national development frameworks. The national strategies include anti-poverty programmes, commonly based on Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). These are documents developed with assistance from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to set national priorities, direct spending of debt-relief funds and coordinate donor programmes.

Wanted: jobs for Africa’s youth - Policy Reforms
“For successful poverty reduction, African countries have to be in the driver’s seat,” says World Bank Africa Region Vice-President Gobind Nankani. “Africans know best where the shoe pinches. They should craft their own poverty-reduction strategies based on national realities.”

Microfinance as Key Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) Component: The Majority of PRSPs Include Access to Financial Services
By the late 1990s, it was clear that something was not working in the field of development. Deteriorating economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, the failure of Structural Adjustment Programmes used by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the question of how to link debt relief to poverty reduction led policy makers to adopt the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) initiative in September 1999.

1.5 Skills development for sustainable livelihoods: Working Out of Poverty
We all know skills are essential to improve productivity, incomes and access to employment opportunities. Yet a striking feature of most poverty reduction strategies is the absence of vocational education and training – even though the vast majority of working people living in poverty cannot afford and have no access to training opportunities. The ILO is working with its constituents and others to rethink human resource development policies.

2.8 The foundations of a decent work strategy for poverty reduction: Working Out of Poverty
Most analysts of the nature and causes of poverty agree that growth in per capita income is essential to reducing poverty and that persistent growth failures are accompanied by a persistent failure to reduce poverty. However, they have not found a stable relationship between the rate of average per capita growth and the rate of poverty reduction.

3.0 Community action for decent work and social inclusion: Working Out of Poverty
Global and national strategies for poverty reduction should provide a framework for local strategies to escape cycles of low incomes from work and social exclusion. The ILO has considerable practical experience of community actions that create more and better jobs for women and men living in poverty and improve their chances of securing a life free from deprivation. Much of this work is in developing countries, but these approaches have also proved to be easily applicable in a number of transition and industrialized market economies.

3.1 Skills development for sustainable livelihoods: Working Out of Poverty
It is a commonplace in debates about how to reduce poverty to assert that poor people’s main or only asset is their labour. It seems obvious that training has a critical role to play in improving productivity, incomes and equitable access to employment opportunities. Yet a striking feature of most poverty reduction strategies in developing countries is that the vocational education and training component is largely absent.

3.5 Building local development through cooperatives: Working Out of Poverty
The participation of people living in poverty in policies to improve their livelihood and counteract social exclusion and vulnerability is increasingly emphasized in poverty reduction strategies.

5.6 A coherent framework for national and local action: Working Out of Poverty
Increased in-depth analysis of the multifaceted experience of poverty is leading to a growing awareness of the need for a range of policies that are specific to the problems faced by different communities and countries. Given that the causes of poverty are many and interconnected, targeted policies have most effect when they act in combination to break cycles of poverty. One of the most encouraging aspects of the new approach to poverty reduction and eradication is therefore the emphasis on policy coherence, based on a comprehensive development framework.

Moving Forward: International Financial Institutions
The international financial institutions (IFIs) need to continue to provide financial support to countries pursuing sustainable growth and poverty-reduction strategies.

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