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IV. B. Private Investors: THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR
While the deals of Chinese state-owned oil companies such as CNPC, CNOOC, and SINOPEC in Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, and Sudan caught headlines, millions of U.S. dollars were being invested by Chinese private enterprises in Africa with little fanfare (Box 1). These investments are not confined to textiles and mining. They cover a variety of services from agriculture to processing and manufacturing.

IV. A. Private Traders: THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR
Mirroring its contributions to domestic economic activity, China’s private sector is in the forefront of the country’s external trade and investment expansion. However, its role in China-Africa economic relations has been much less appreciated, in part because there are no reliable data. Understanding China’s private enterprises (including those that are joint ventures and collectively owned) and their activities in Africa is important for assessing the evolution of trade and capital flows between China and Africa.

II.D. Foreign Direct Investment: TRADE AND CAPITAL FLOWS BETWEEN CHINA AND AFRICA
China’s direct investment in Africa, as reported by the National Bureau of Statistics of China, amounted to US$392 million in 2005, up from US$317 million in 2004. Data from other sources show significantly higher figures: in 2004, Chinese FDI was estimated to be more than US$900 million; total FDI in Africa was US$15 billion (Table 2). China’s Ministry of Commerce puts China’s direct investment to Africa for 2000–06 at US$6.6 billion. Among the 800 Chinese enterprises investing in Africa, only about 100 are state-owned. The rest are private businesses with interests ranging from trade, manufacturing and processing, services, and communications to agriculture and natural resource development.

Other private enterprises Related Articles

5.0 Micro Enterprises - What are they?: Entrepreneurship and Small Business Enterprise Growth in Uganda
Discussion of small enterprises has a definite reference to micro enterprises. What are they? Are they different from small enterprises?

4.2 The profile of growth-oriented women: Support for Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania, 2005
Since recent statistics disaggregated by sex are not available, it is not possible to estimate how many women among informal economy enterprises and SMEs are operating growth firms, or how many of them have medium-sized enterprises.

10.1 The education system: Support for Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania, 2005
Over 690 vocational training centres are registered with the Vocational Education and Training Authority (VETA),38 over 90 per cent of which are either private businesses or NGOs. VETA centres do offer skills training courses suitable for self-employment (tailoring, batik making, housekeeping, etc), but UDEC (2003) states that the primary emphasis on training is for employability in large public and private enterprises. Because there are few jobs available, most of the VETA graduates go unemployed or are inadequately trained for entrepreneurship. Data on the proportion of women students is not available.

How to Make a Start
One good way to get started with creating social business enterprises would be to launch a design competition for social business enterprises. There can be local competition, regional competition and global competition. Prizes for the successful designs will come in the shape of financing for the enterprises, or as partnership for implementing the projects.

Unleashing entrepreneurship: Making business work for the poor
There has been a big change in the United Nations's engagement with the private sector influenced by its stewardship of the Millennium Development Goals. It was the urgent need to enhance the contribution of the private sector in achieving the MDGs that prompted Secretary General Kofi Annan to appoint a commission to examine how the role of the private sector in this major global effort could be maximized.

IV. A. Private Traders: THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR
Mirroring its contributions to domestic economic activity, China’s private sector is in the forefront of the country’s external trade and investment expansion. However, its role in China-Africa economic relations has been much less appreciated, in part because there are no reliable data. Understanding China’s private enterprises (including those that are joint ventures and collectively owned) and their activities in Africa is important for assessing the evolution of trade and capital flows between China and Africa.

IV. B. Private Investors: THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR
While the deals of Chinese state-owned oil companies such as CNPC, CNOOC, and SINOPEC in Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, and Sudan caught headlines, millions of U.S. dollars were being invested by Chinese private enterprises in Africa with little fanfare (Box 1). These investments are not confined to textiles and mining. They cover a variety of services from agriculture to processing and manufacturing.

Market Orientation and Competition : Constraints of growth-oriented enterprises
Enterprises that grow do so because they are good at finding their market niche and understanding market demands. Most enterprises start by targeting the home market, often at the higher income niche. As the home market gets saturated, they look to expand their markets geographically, and eventually consider exporting. Few enterprises start exporting initially.

PRIVATE MONEY IS THE WAY TO GO
Explains what private money is, why it's very convenient and valuable in today's lending environment, purposes of private money loans, how it can be used by borrowers and brokers, and tips on applying for private money loans.

Non-Real Estate Loans Private Lenders
Non-real estate loans from private lenders is not as hard of a proposition as one might think. But are they worth the high interest rate? Typically a private loan made for non-real estate purposes will cost you more in the short term than a traditional loan. The advantages of a private loan for non-real estate deals is that they often take less time to approve and the terms are generally more flexible. By nature private lenders take on a lot of risk, but don't be fooled into thinking that they do so unknowingly or without reservation. Assurances, a good track record and often some equity will be needed to get one of these "quickie" loans.

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